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A pediatrician is a medical doctor who specializes in treating infants, children, adolescents, and young adults. Pediatric care can begin before conception and continue through pregnancy.
Children undergo rapid physical and mental changes as they grow. Pediatricians understand this fact and assess a child’s health status based on the normal ranges for their age.
Pediatricians can help diagnose medical conditions in children. Depending on the condition, parents or caregivers may take their children to a primary care pediatrician or a pediatric specialist.
What do they do?
Pediatricians perform a diverse range of health-related services that range from health and wellness screenings to management of complex medical conditions.
Pediatricians generally perform the following procedures:
physical exams
giving vaccinations
treating injuries, including fractures and dislocations
evaluating a child’s physical, emotional, and social development
prescribing medications, such as pain relievers and antibiotics
providing general health advice
diagnosing and treating various medical conditions
connecting families with other pediatric specialists, if needed
Pediatric specialists obtain additional education and training in specific treatments and diagnostic procedures. For instance, a pediatric heart specialist (cardiologist) has advanced knowledge and experience in treating heart conditions in children. They may also have received training to perform different types of heart tests and procedures.
When to see a pediatrician
Parents and caregivers can take their child to a pediatrician for periodic well-child visits. Well-child visits are an opportunity for parents and caregivers to ask any questions they may have regarding the health of their child. Pediatricians may also give vaccinations at these visits, if appropriate.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Trusted Sourceestimate that 1 in 6 children between the ages of 3–17 years have at least one issue with development or behavior. Early identification and treatment can lead to better long-term outcomes for young children.
During a well-care visit, a pediatrician evaluates a child’s physical and emotional development. They may also ask questions about a child’s eating, sleeping, and social habits. Pediatricians can inform parents and educators if their child has any signs that suggest a physical or behavioral problem.
March of Dimes recommend that parents or caregivers take their baby to a pediatrician for a well-child visit about seven times during their first year. Children between the ages of 1 and 2 years should see a pediatrician once every 3 to 6 months.
Parents or caregivers that have ongoing concerns about their child’s health, should call or make an appointment with their child’s pediatrician.
People should visit the emergency room if a child has a fever of 104°F (40°C) or over, or if a fever is accompanied by seizures, confusion, constant crying, or trouble breathing. Call the emergency services if a baby of younger than 2 months has a rectal temperature of 100.4°F (38°C).
Any parent or caregiver who thinks their child is having a medical emergency should go to the nearest emergency room.
Education and qualifications
Pediatricians must have extensive training and education and be licensed before they start treating children.
Some pediatricians start their general care practice after finishing the residency, while others enter fellowship programs where they receive additional training in pediatric subspecialties.
Most pediatricians go one step further and earn board certification. Board-certified pediatricians undergo continuous professional education throughout their careers.
Who treats teenagers?
Pediatricians can continue seeing young people throughout adolescence. Parents or their children may feel more comfortable transitioning to a pediatrician who specializes in treating teenagers.
Pediatric care generally covers people until they turn 18.
Summary
A pediatrician is a medical doctor who treats babies, children, adolescents, and young adults. Pediatricians can work as primary care physicians or specialize in treating children in certain age ranges or children with specific health conditions.
Parents and caregivers can expect frequent pediatrician visits for infants and young children. Older children and adolescents can benefit from annual well-child visits.
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